The Titanic Solar Eclipse 

Léo DUBAL

dubal  @  archaeometry.org



The pearled solar eclipse of 1912.04.17 ,
i.e; SAROS 137/30 occurred 
60 hours after the TITANIC disaster 
The data collected during this most elusive eclipse, are of major importance for understanding
the difficulties of interpreting correctly Annals depicting ancient solar eclipses.  
This page is an integral part of the report http://www.archaeometry.org/titanic.pdf


i)   The Chronometer of the balloon "Globule"  has been tuned on
 Paris' Observatory by Paul TISSANDIER. It  indicated exactly
 12:11:51,
when Auguste NICOLLEAU took the following the picture:


 which suggests that the position of the balloon was very closed to the center line.
Its altitude was estimated to be 900 meters
over the Bridge of Rethondes,
 on the North bank of River Aisne, 100 meters West from the bridge.
With Google Earth one can estimate this location to be
: E2.93697 / N49.41497,
i.e: with Xavier JUBIER 5MCSE software
with the option &DdT=1 for tuning on our Geo-Chronoligical Model,
http://xjubier.free.fr/site_pages/solar_eclipses/xSE_GoogleMapFull.php?Ecl=+19120417&Acc=2&Umb=1&Lmt=1&Mag=0&Lat=49.41497&Lng=2.93697&Elv=900.0&LC=1&Zoom=15&DdT=1
 5MCSE retrodicts the occurrence of the maximum at 12:11:54,
a duration of 1.2 [s], and 51° for the height of the Sun
Let us note here that 5MCSE qualifies the eclipse over this site as "annular", while
at sites south of W3.0773 / N45,45983 (i.e.: 150km off Les sables d'Olonne), it is described as "total",

ii
)   At the FLAMMARION Observatory at Juvisy s/Orge @ E2.37° / N 48.69°
the maximum given by
5MCSE is at 12: 10: 19.with a magnitude of  0.992
C. FLAMMARION reported 12:10:20
, as the time of the picture taken by F. QUENISSET

It is of great interest: though slightly OFF centrality; protuberances were visible:.
we will refer to this effect as FLAMMARION's partial corona.
Concerning the timing of the maximum other pictures of QUENISSET indicate 
the occurrence of the maximum at about 12:10:15


 

iii)   The totality of the pearled eclipse on 1912.04.17 has been photographed 
at Saint-Nom-la-Bretêche, GPS E2.016° /N48.857°, by
 A. DANJON, at supposedly 12:09:53 

5MCSE retro-predicts for this site the maximum at 12:10:01 and a duration of 1.9 s.

iv)   Another interesting picture of this pearled eclipse is:

v)    From a captive balloon, the size of the Lunar shadow on the Earth
has been estimated to be 3.5 km wide.

vi)   On 12 km of the road between Neauphle et Trappes, 380 school children
 have been spaced by 100 m to monitor the width of the totality path
The central zone has been 4 km wide.
The minimum diameter of the Moon (bottom of the valleys) lasted 3 [s]
less than the one of the Sun, while the maximum diameter (mountain peaks)
was surpassing  by 2 [s] the diameter of the Sun.

vii)    At the crossing of la Grand'Croix, N48.8006° / E1.9206 / 12:09:49UT
at presumably only 600 meters from the center line of the totality zone

Léon GAUMONT (1864-1946)

obtained a cinematogra
phic record of the event.

viii)     In Ovar, observatory stations were spread along the road between Carregal to Cadaval
While 5MCSE retrodicts only 1.4 km of the road to have been in the totality zone,
 all the observers who were spread over 5 km to the West of station #10 
have believed to be in the central line !!! 

At station  #10, GPS W8.59757 / N40.85432

COSTA LOBO obtained 158 images in 14 [s]
showing Baily grains,
whose 40 with the grains only in the areas opposed to the Sun.
 The eclipse was therefore total
for a time laps of 4.4 [s],
only along the direction of the Moon,
what confirms the film of  Léon GAUMONT.
It has been interpreted, as the relative speed of the Moon
to the Earth is about 0.38 ["/s], i.e. 693 [m/s], as due to the shape of the Moon:
   a slight flattening along the axis of rotation,
The irregular profile of the Moon shows indeed,
 between valleys and peaks typically a 1["] difference.
In his
5MCSE software, X. JUBIER introduced a correction for lunar limbs.
  cl1912

Let us note though that Serge KOUTCHMY has shown evidence for an "ovalisation"
 (or polar lengthening) of the Solar Chromosphere, which,
in our opinion,
might well have also contributed to the direction dependant totality effect
recorded in 1912

The timing of the contacts recorded in observatory #10 
are compared to the retrodicted values with  5MCSE : 

  time measured time retropredicted
C1 10:21:12 10:20:50
C2 11:42:50 11:42:44
C3 11:43:04 11:42:45
C4 13:08:41 13:08:47

Those discrepancies demonstrate the major role of the profile of the Moon
on determining the timing of an eclipse.
Let us note here that the BIH
(Bureau international de l'heure) has been created in 1913.

ix)  
  At station #2  @ W8.6426 / N 40.8654,

  time measured time retropredicted
C2 11:42:52 11:42:41
C3 11:43:02 11:42:42
C4 13:08:37 13:08:44

x)    In observatory #3  @ W8.6376 /N 40.86317,
5MCSE retrodicts 1.6 s of totality, 10 times shorter than observed 

  time measured time retropredicted
C1 10:21:08 10:20:49
C2 11:42:47 11:42:42
C3 11:43:04 11:42:44
C4 13:08:38 13:08:44

xi)    In observatory #4  @ W8.6318 /N 40.8622,

  time measured time retropredicted
C2 11:42:50 11:42:56
C3 11:43:02
C4 13:08:37

Two interesting pictures of before and after totality have been taken.



xii)      In observatory #8 @ W8.6100 / N40.85677 the time of contacts were 

  time measured time retropredicted
C1 10:21:09 10:20:50
C2 11:42:55 11:42:43
C4 13:08:38 13:08:46


xiv) 
  To the East now... in Geneva @ E6.1526 / N46.200,  DUFOUR took this nice record:



5MCSE retrodicts the maximum at 12:12:59 (i.e. 1H13 Central Hour)

   of magnitude 0.889. 

An updated review of this eclipse has been presented at SEC 2011,
see http://www.archaeometry.org/cassini.pps

 

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© Virtual Laboratory for Archaeometry latest revision:    2012.01.28